In the last four years, President Obama has done some great things for women: the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, expansion of women’s health services under the Affordable Care Act, support for Planned Parenthood. And I was happy last night, in his State of the Union address, to hear him push for Congress to vote on the Violence Against Women Act and the Paycheck Fairness Act.
But I was disheartened by his reasoning for why Congress should do these things: “We know our economy is stronger when our wives, mothers, and daughters can live their lives free from discrimination in the workplace, and free from the fear of domestic violence.” [emphasis mine]
My worth as a woman, and as a person, is not imbued by my relationship to someone else. I should not be granted rights and protections because I am somebody’s wife, mother, daughter, or sister. I deserve those rights and protections by virtue of my status as a person and as an American citizen. (NB: Immigrant women absolutely deserve those rights as well, but let’s save that for another post.)
It’s also tremendously insulting to the women who serve in our Congress and Senate, and assumes that the default for a legislator is male. Believe it or not, some of those women vote on equal rights legislation because they want those protections for themselves (Cathy McMorris Rodgers and Virginia Fox notwithstanding, who as traitors to their sex last night actually shook their heads while President Obama talked about the Paycheck Fairness Act).
President Obama actually used that phrasing twice last night. The second time was when referring to the newly lifted ban on women in combat: “We will draw upon the courage and skills of our sisters and daughters, because women have proven under fire that they are ready for combat.” Is the strength of the incredibly brave women in our military really so important because it comes from someone they’re related to? I’d think the achievement of these women is extraordinary because of what they, as individuals, have gone through. Disappointing, also, is the focus on women’s ability to serve in combat roles to protect the United States, without mention of the United States failing to protect these women from unprecedented levels of sexual assault while serving in our military branches and academies.
I’ve noticed this trope time and again in President Obama’s speeches and decision-making. He has used this “our wives, mothers, and daughters” phrasing many times before. But focusing on the women and girls in one’s life when considering the consequences or benefits of a decision has not always helped women. President Obama cited concerns about his daughters having access to emergency contraception when going against the science- and evidence-based recommendations of the Food and Drug Administration to make Plan B available over the counter to girls under the age of 17.
Boys and men are frequently implored to think of abstract women in relation to themselves – what if she, the woman you’re harassing or thinking of raping, was your sister, your girlfriend, your mother? How would you feel if someone did that to her?
Well I am someone’s sister, someone’s girlfriend, someone’s daughter. But I don’t think that I should be able to walk down the street without being cat-called or followed or assaulted because someone suddenly realizes that I could be their sister, their girlfriend, their mother. I should have the right and the freedom to walk down the street unmolested because I am a person. Because I am a woman who should have all the same rights and bodily autonomy as that man who yells as I pass that he wants to touch my breasts and then calls me a bitch and follows me home when I have the gall to ignore him or call him out on his misogyny.
So please, Congress, don’t deign to grant me rights because I could be a woman that you know. Grant me those rights because I am a woman, and because that alone is enough.
I think that you may have gone off the deep end here. Having seen the State of the Union address myself, I think that he was using a rhetorical device – in the same way that the men who fight of the US are your brothers and sons.
Please don’t think that this is criticism from someone who is not sympathetic to your viewpoint – because I am. And I’m sympathetic rather than empathetic because I’m a male, and so cannot empathise as I don’t know what it’s like to be a woman. In fact, in my opinion it is precisely the stance that you have taken in this posting which gives those less sympathetic to your aims the ability to caricature Feminism.
It’s a rhetorical device, but the fact that it isn’t meant to be literal doesn’t imply that it’s without meaning. Referring to people as “‘our’ ____” suggests something about the speaker’s view of their subject and their audience.
Obama used the word “son” once in his speech, when he referred to people in the military as “our sons and daughters.” Identifying them in relation to their parents is perfectly reasonable: the military skews much younger than the general population, and many in the service joined while they were still dependents. (A 2008 DOD report says 70% are 18-30yo. For marines, arguably the branch most likely to be put in harm’s way, this figure rises to 83%. [source]) It also imbues soldiers with a sort of innocence, but that’s a whole other topic.
Referring to women in the same way is a problem because it implicitly denies a woman’s autonomy and because it presumes a male listener. (The latter point is an important one, as it reinforces the notion of male as the unmarked gender.) Defining soldiers as the listeners’ children sets them up as sympathetic figures, while defining women as the listeners’ children (or siblings, or spouses) is degrading. This is exacerbated by the fact that until very recently, women were denied their autonomy, and the men they were related to had an incredible amount of control over their lives.
That use of “son” in his speech was very different in intent than most of his uses of “daughter,” and he never used “brother” or “husband” at all. As Robyn said, defining a man’s worth based on his status as a child, sibling, or spouse would never enter into the minds of most people, so similar treatment of women should be called out. Language matters, and language such as this exposes biases that most people take for granted. It’s important to challenge so that people can understand the assumptions they make and hopefully correct their thinking.
I’m sorry you feel that way, Michael. I understand that it’s a rhetorical device, but it’s one that I don’t think we should use. It sounds nice, and it sounds humanizing, but I find it insulting. The point of feminism is that women are equal people to men, deserving of the same rights and protections granted to men. Men don’t get those rights because they’re our brothers and sons and husbands, and nobody has to think of men in a relational way, because male is our society’s default abstract. I wish that women could be treated the same way, and be granted rights and protections by virtue of the fact that they are people – that should be enough. I’m not concerned about my arguments being used by misogynists to caricature the feminist movement – they do that with whatever material they’re given, and I’m not going to temper my beliefs just because Rush Limbaugh’s followers think that makes me a feminazi.
Thank you for your feedback, though!
Michael,
Have you EVER heard the president talk about men as “sons, husbands and fathers?” I don’t think I have, and as the author points out, Obama uses it about women all the time.
If activists can’t be caricatured, they’re not doing it right.
Robyn, love it – but I would have mad the last sentence, “Grant me those rights because I am a *human,* and because that alone is enough.” For exactly the same reason.
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This is one of the dumbest articles I ever read.
Wow, Joe, what a nuanced and thorough response. I’m so glad you decided to share that well-reasoned, fully explained thought with us.
It’s ppl’s ultra-sensitivity to political correctness that makes it impossible to have an honest discourse about anything in this country. Obama works his ass off to get equal rights for women, yet people complain about this. Even Lena Dunham would this article was ridiculous.
*would think
This isn’t about political correctness, and I’m curious what you think my intention is if not to have an honest discourse. Language has meaning, and it has consequences. If women are to be treated as men’s equals, as is the goal of feminism, then the language used to discuss women should be equal. Thinking that women need patriarchal protection or even just patriarchal relationships, for someone to understand why they shouldn’t discriminate against them is harmful to women’s equality.
I’m curious why you’ve associated ‘duaghters’ with patriarchaly / androcentric slanted language.
What do you make of the rhetorical device used when Obama commented on Trayvon Martin; “He Would Look Like My Son.”
It’s not solely “daughter,” so much as the entire framing of women existing primarily as relations to someone else. That is not inherently androcentric, of course, but the audience at SOTU was primarily male, and the audience for that framing outside of a political context, as I noted, is aimed at men. My objection is to the idea that men (since that’s with whom this phrasing is used most often) need to be reminded that women are actual people, rather than just abstract objects, and that they could be the listener’s daughter or sister or wife. The “how would you feel if it was your sister being raped/being denied equal pay” phrasing, as opposed to “don’t women deserve not to be raped/deserve equal pay?” is insulting to everyone. Why should me being entitled to equal rights be predicated on someone being able to envision me as someone they care about, as opposed to just me being a human being?
I think his commentary on Trayvon Martin was very personal, and I can’t really comment on that. I think it must be striking to look at a picture of him and recognize so much of yourself there. But none of the rest of his rhetoric about gun violence or about stand your ground laws has relied on that trope, nor has any of it been to imagine Trayvon being someone you know. Except, possibly, in response to Newtown, where much of the thing that has shifted public perception on gun control has been imagining that it was your own young child that was shot. And in that case, I think it’s unfortunate as well – think of all the young people gunned down in Chicago, or any of the other thousands of the victims of gun violence in our country every year. It shouldn’t be that it could be your daughter, sister, wife that’s murdered either. *People* are being murdered, and that’s what matters.
Have you ever thought that maybe he’s trying to take men to task? Women don’t need to be told about being free from domestic violence or getting equal pay. But sometimes it takes a man to get a man to listen.
I realize there’s the issue of allies and mansplaining and taking over causes that aren’t yours, but I really think you’re reading way too much into this. There are other issues that need this kind of attention (drones, for instance).
Personally, I’m not overly close to my family, I don’t have a significant other, and I don’t have children. I just am. I do recognize that speaking of our wives, mothers, and daughters is a rhetorical device. I do recognize that in the context of the president speaking, these are the personal relationships that he knows intimately. I do recognize that this strikes a very emotional chord with both men and women. But I would, just occasionally, like to hear that each human is entitled to all due rights just because he or she *is*.
Thanks for the article, robynswirling.
Nice piece.
Lots of people making the obvious (and wrong!) point that this is excused because it’s a rhetorical device that serves as a means (appealing to certain types of men) to an end (passing legislation like VAWA). Well…OK, sure. Maybe so, but the effectiveness of a piece of rhetoric isn’t the only calculation you make when you decide how to make an argument.
Hypothetical: Let’s say that you’re renting a space for a luncheon and you’ve gone over your allotment of time. Another group is waiting to use the space. The most effective way to quickly remove everyone from the space is to shout “FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!” This would build a solid coalition of support for the cause of “let’s leave.” But it would also result in unintended consequences (like people being trampled). And the next time you invite people to your luncheon, they may not bother showing up.
Words matter. If support for feminism is built on a foundation of patronizing rhetoric, then you may not be able to count on that support in future legislative battles.
I love that postmodern feminism is still alive and well. Especially since we know our economy is stronger when our husbands, fathers and sons have their feet directed to the right path.
I’m generally opposed to things I see as over-sensitive political correctness, however this article points to a not-so-subtle flaw in Obama’s manner of speaking. By repeatedly saying “Our daughters/wives/sisters” he essentially implies that he is not speaking to women at all, rather that he is speaking to men *about* women. It’s fundamentally condescending.
It would be a small correction on his part to limit his use of this phrasing, and I don’t believe it would go against any of his opinions or beliefs. But maybe if he continues to use it, he should add “nieces, aunts, and grandmothers” to the mix, just to be fair:)
I really think he used those words because the word “WOMAN” scares the crap out of/ irritates/ raises the ire/ pisses off/ has negative connotations (of/for) so many “so-called men”. Wife, Mother, sister, daughter sometimes keeps them calm and in a warm fuzzy protective place. ( totally tongue in cheek)
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